What Is a Hammertoe?
A hammertoe is a deformity where one of the small toes — usually the second, third, fourth, or fifth — bends abnormally at the middle joint. This causes the toe to look like a hammer. Over time the joint becomes more rigid and the toe will no longer lie flat when barefoot.
Hammertoes can start off flexible and manageable but will become more fixed and painful if not treated.
Hammertoe Signs & Symptoms
Early signs of hammertoe may be subtle but will worsen over time. Look out for:
- A toe that bends downward at the middle joint
- Pain or irritation, especially when wearing shoes
- Redness, swelling, or inflammation over the joint
- Corns or calluses on top of the affected toe or on the ball of the foot
- Difficulty straightening the toe
- Stiffness or loss of motion in the toe
The condition will progress in stages — from flexible (where the toe can still be manually straightened) to rigid (where movement becomes limited and painful).
What Causes Hammertoes?
Hammertoes occur when there is an imbalance in the muscles, tendons, or ligaments that keep the toes straight. This imbalance causes abnormal pulling on the toe joint and over time the joint bends out of position. Common causes include:
- Genetics – Inherited foot structure makes some people more prone.
- Poor-fitting footwear – Tight, narrow, or high-heeled shoes force the toes into unnatural positions.
- Toe trauma or injury – A stubbed, jammed, or broken toe can cause joint changes over time.
- Arthritis – Inflammatory joint conditions can affect the small toe joints.
- Neuromuscular disorders – Muscle imbalances can cause toe deformities.
Treatment for Hammertoes
In the early stages hammertoes are flexible and respond well to simple non-invasive treatments. But if left untreated the joint will become stiff and fixed in a bent position and may require surgery.
Catching it early gives you more options and better outcomes. For flexible hammertoes, non-surgical treatment can reduce symptoms and slow progression. These may include:
Shoe Modifications
Proper footwear is key. We recommend shoes with a wide toe box and low heels to reduce pressure and allow more space for toe movement. When appropriate shoe options are difficult to find, further intervention may be considered.
Orthotics
Custom inserts can help correct underlying biomechanical imbalances that contribute to hammertoe formation and reduce pressure on the affected joints.
Padding & Strapping
Depending on the type of hammertoe, we use padding or strapping techniques to prevent the toe from rubbing against the top or bottom of the shoe, helping to relieve discomfort and prevent calluses.reduce irritation.
Toe Splints or Straighteners
These devices can help hold the toe in a more natural position during daily activities or while sleeping.
Stretching & Strengthening
Targeted exercises can improve toe flexibility and strengthen the surrounding muscles to maintain alignment.
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When Hammertoe Surgery May Be Needed
If the hammertoe becomes rigid and painful or non-surgical treatments are no longer working, surgery may be an option. Surgical procedures may involve:
- Releasing or lengthening tight tendons
- Removing a portion of bone to straighten the toe
- Fusing joints to hold the toe in a corrected position
The goal of surgery is to relieve pain, improve function, and restore natural alignment.
request an appointmentWhy Choose Vale Foot and Ankle?
At Vale Foot and Ankle, we treat hammertoes with individual care — from early-stage conservative management to surgical consultation when needed. Our team focuses on preserving mobility, reducing pain, and preventing future complications with a clear treatment plan based on your condition and lifestyle.
Book Your Appointment
If you notice changes in the shape or flexibility of your toes don’t wait. Hammertoes are easier to treat early — and Vale Foot and Ankle can help. Contact us today and get started.